Moving to the US from Brazil requires careful planning. Every step matters, from choosing the right visa to gathering essential documents. Knowing what to expect helps avoid delays, so understanding the process early makes everything easier.
Securing the correct visa is only part of the journey. Finding the right place to live is just as important. A real estate agent can help you explore housing options that fit your budget and lifestyle.
Choosing the right home sets the stage for a smooth transition into your new life. Compare the agencies, and visit the site of the one you find most reliable to see the best offers.
The US government has strict guidelines, so missing a single document can cause setbacks. Knowing what is required ensures a stress-free move and a successful start in your new country.
Choose the Right Visa for Your Move
Many people in Brazil consider moving abroad for a better future. High crime rates in cities like Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Fortaleza push families to look for safer places with higher living standards.
Countries like the US, Canada, and those in the EU attract people with better job opportunities, stronger economies, and improved security. The US remains a top destination, but choosing the right visa is the first and most important step.
Types of Visas for Moving to the US
Each visa serves a different purpose. Choosing the wrong one can lead to delays or rejections. The main visa options include:
Family-Based
- K-1 Fiancé Visa – For those engaged to a US citizen, allowing entry before marriage.
- Marriage-Based Green Card (CR1/IR1 Visa) – For spouses of US citizens or permanent residents.
- IR-2 Child Visa – For children under 21 of US citizens immigrating with their parents.
Employment-Based
- H-1B Visa – For specialized jobs requiring a degree or expertise.
- L-1 Visa – For employees transferring within multinational companies.
- O-1 Visa – For individuals with extraordinary skills in science, arts, education, or sports.
- E-2 Investor Visa – For entrepreneurs investing in a US business.
Special Immigration Programs
- Diversity Visa Lottery – A random selection process allowing certain applicants to gain residency.
- J-1 and J-2 Visas – Exchange visitor visas that may require a two-year return period in Brazil before reapplying.
Visa Eligibility and Processing Times
| K-1 Fiancé Visa | Engaged to a US citizen | 12–18 months | Marriage within 90 days of entry |
| CR1/IR1 Marriage Visa | Married to a US citizen or resident | 12–24 months | Proof of genuine marriage |
| H-1B Visa | Skilled workers | Varies (lottery-based) | Employer sponsorship |
| L-1 Visa | Multinational company employees | 3–6 months | Internal company transfer |
| O-1 Visa | Talented professionals | 3–6 months | Proof of extraordinary ability |
| Diversity Visa Lottery | Selected applicants | 12+ months | Random selection |
Key Considerations Before Choosing a Visa
✔️ Purpose of Move – Suits those joining relatives, while work visas require employer sponsorship.
✔️ Processing Time – Might take over a year, requiring long-term planning.
✔️ Financial Requirements – Demand proof of income, job offers, or investment.
✔️ Special Conditions – Require living in Brazil for two years before applying again.
Gather the Required Documents
Moving to the US requires submitting specific documents based on the type. Missing paperwork can lead to delays or even rejection.
Preparing everything in advance ensures a smooth process.
Essential Documents for All Applicants
Regardless of the visa type, every applicant must provide:
✔️ Valid Passport – Must be valid for at least six months beyond the intended US entry date.
✔️ Visa Application Form (DS-160 or DS-260) – Completed online with a confirmation page.
✔️ Photographs – Two 5 cm x 5 cm (2×2 inch) color photos that meet US visa requirements.
✔️ Medical Examination Report – A sealed medical report from an approved physician.
✔️ Police Clearance Certificate – Required for applicants over 16 years old from all countries where they have lived for more than six months.
✔️ Proof of Financial Support – Evidence that the applicant or sponsor can financially support the stay.
Additional Documents
| K-1 Fiancé Visa | Proof of relationship (photos, messages, travel records), Form I-129F approval |
| Marriage-Based Green Card | Marriage certificate, joint financial records, proof of shared residence |
| IR-2 Child Visa | Child’s birth certificate, proof of US citizenship of the sponsoring parent |
| Employment-Based Visas (H-1B, L-1, O-1, etc.) | Job offer letter, employer sponsorship documents, work qualifications |
| Diversity Visa Lottery | Proof of high school diploma or qualifying work experience |
Medical Exam and Vaccination Requirements
All applicants must undergo a medical examination conducted by an approved doctor in Brazil.
Required vaccinations include:
- Hepatitis A & B
- Influenza
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella
- Tetanus & Diphtheria
- Varicella
Common Mistakes to Avoid
❌ Submitting expired or incorrect documents.
❌ Forgetting translations for non-English or non-Portuguese documents.
❌ Failing to schedule the medical exam early enough before the interview.
❌ Not providing financial proof when required.
Where to Schedule the Medical Exam
Medical exams must be scheduled at designated clinics in Brazil. Only physicians approved by the US Consulate can perform these examinations.
The current locations include:
- Rio de Janeiro – Dr. Aurelio Garrido, Dr. Ronaldo Galdino Badia Campos
- São Paulo – Dr. Paulo Ricardo Furbetta
- Brasília – Dr. Carlos Eduardo Santa Ritta Barreira
- Belo Horizonte – Dra. Juliana B. Cançado
Scheduling the exam at least 7 days before the interview ensures results are processed on time.
What to Bring to the Medical Exam
✔️ Passport or valid national ID
✔️ DS-260 Confirmation Page
✔️ Visa Interview Appointment Letter
✔️ Medical Exam Fee (around BRL R$950,00, paid directly to the doctor)
✔️ Vaccination Records
✔️ Ten (10) Passport-Sized Photos (3×4 cm)
Once the exam is complete, the doctor provides a sealed medical report. Applicants must not open the envelope and must submit it directly at the interview.
Prepare for the Interview
The interview is the final and most critical step before approval. A US consular officer will verify documents, assess eligibility, and determine if the applicant meets the requirements.
Where the Interview Takes Place
- Immigrant visas – Processed at the US Consulate General in Rio de Janeiro.
- Nonimmigrant visas – Available at consulates in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Recife, Porto Alegre, and Brasília.
What to Expect During the Interview
- Consular officer reviews documents and asks questions about the applicant’s background and intent.
- Common questions cover purpose of travel, financial stability, and family ties in the US.
- Honest and clear answers are essential—any inconsistencies can trigger further screening.
Possible Outcomes
| Approved | Visa granted | Passport returned with visa stamp |
| Administrative Processing | More background checks required | Wait 60+ days for updates |
| Refused (221g) | Missing documents | Submit required evidence |
| Denied (214b) | Failed to meet eligibility | Reapply with stronger proof |
Processing Times and Fees
Each type has different processing times and costs. Some applications take months or even years to complete, so early preparation is essential.
Usual Processing Times
| K-1 Fiancé Visa | 12–18 months |
| Marriage-Based Green Card | 12–24 months |
| H-1B Work Visa | Varies (lottery-based) |
| L-1 Company Transfer Visa | 3–6 months |
| O-1 Extraordinary Ability Visa | 3–6 months |
| Diversity Visa Lottery | 12+ months (if selected) |
Visa Fees
| Nonimmigrant Visa (Tourist, Business, Student, etc.) | $185 |
| K-1 Fiancé Visa | $265 |
| Marriage-Based Green Card | $1,200+ |
| Employment-Based Visa Fees | Varies by employer sponsorship |
| Diversity Visa Fee | $330 |
Some applicants must pay additional fees, such as reciprocity fees based on nationality. All fees are non-refundable, even if the application is denied.
Enter the US and Start Your New Chapter
Arriving in the US begins a new phase in life. The first steps after entry ensure a smooth transition:
✔️ Complete immigration processing at the airport – Immigration officers check documents and provide a temporary entry stamp.
✔️ Receive the Green Card (for immigrants) – The card arrives at the US address listed in the application within a few weeks.
✔️ Apply for a Social Security Number (SSN) – Some include automatic SSN issuance, while others require a separate application.
✔️ Set up a bank account and find housing – Proof of identity, status, and a US address allow access to financial services.
FAQs
How long can I stay in the US before applying for a Green Card?
If entering the US on a K-1 Fiancé Visa, marriage must take place within 90 days, followed by the Adjustment of Status application for a Green Card.
Those on a tourist visa (B1/B2) cannot apply for a Green Card immediately and must follow immigration rules to avoid overstaying.
Can I work in the US while waiting for my Green Card?
Work authorization depends on the type. K-1 Visa holders can apply for a Work Permit (EAD) after filing for a Green Card.
Employment-based visa holders can work immediately after the approval and arrival in the US. Tourist visas do not allow employment under any circumstances.
Do I need to translate my documents for the US visa process?
Yes, any documents that are not in English or Portuguese require a certified English translation.
This applies to birth certificates, marriage records, legal documents, and any supporting materials submitted with the visa application.
What happens if my visa is denied?
Visa denials occur for various reasons, such as missing documents, lack of financial proof, or failure to meet eligibility requirements.
If denied under Section 221(g), applicants may submit additional evidence for reconsideration. If denied under Section 214(b), reapplying is possible, but only with stronger proof of eligibility.
How much money do I need when moving to the US?
The required budget depends on location, housing costs, and lifestyle. At minimum, expect to cover:
- First 3 months of rent and utilities – Varies by city ($1,500–$4,000 per month).
- Food and transportation – At least $500–$1,500 per month.
- Emergency savings – Recommended amount: $5,000–$10,000 for unexpected expenses.
The Bottom Line
Moving from Brazil to the US takes more than just getting a visa. You need a solid plan, the right documents, and a clear understanding of what happens next.
Securing a home, preparing for the interview, and making sure you have enough money will make the transition smoother. Taking care of these details now helps avoid stress later.
Once you arrive, adjusting to life in the US comes with challenges. Focusing on legal status, finding work, and setting up essentials like banking and housing makes settling in easier. Having savings for the first few months gives you security while you get started.
